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General Network File System Version 4 Internet-Draft The Network File System version 4.2 (NFSv4.2) does not provide support for atomic multi-block updates to file data. This document introduces a new SWAP operation which provides for such atomic updates. This document extends NFSv4.2 (see RFC7862). Note to Readers Discussion of this draft takes place on the NFSv4 working group mailing list (nfsv4@ietf.org), which is archived at . Source code and issues list for this draft can be found at . Working Group information can be found at .

Introduction With the Network File System version 4.2 (NFSv4.2), atomic updates to a file are not guaranteed. A single WRITE operation might span multiple data blocks and another client doing a READ might encounter a partial WRITE. In addition, multiple WRITE operations, even within the same compound, may not be atomically applied to a file. In some implementations, multiple WRITE operations within the same compound may appear to be applied atomically, but this behavior is implementation-specific and not guaranteed by the protocol. This document introduces the OPTIONAL to implement SWAP operation to NFSv4.2 to atomically apply multiple WRITE operations to a file. A client can easily determine whether or not a server supports the SWAP operation by examining the return code of the operation. If the server does not support the SWAP operation, it will return an error of NFS4ERR_NOTSUPP. One way to use the SWAP operation is to CLONE a file and make modifications to the cloned copy. Once the cloned copy is ready, the SWAP operation can be used to atomically exchange the modified contents. Upon success, the cloned copy can be deleted.

Definitions The definitions of the following terms are referenced as follows:

• CLONE ()
• clone_blksize ()
• NFS4ERR_NOTSUPP ()
• READ ()
• WRITE ()

Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Operation 81: SWAP - Swap a range of a file into another file

ARGUMENTS

XDR for SWAP4args

RESULTS

XDR for SWAP4res

DESCRIPTION The SWAP operation is used to swap file content from a source file specified by the SAVED_FH value into a destination file specified by CURRENT_FH without actually copying the data, e.g., by using a block exchange mechanism. Both SAVED_FH and CURRENT_FH must be regular files. If either SAVED_FH or CURRENT_FH is not a regular file, the operation MUST fail and return NFS4ERR_WRONG_TYPE. The sa_dst_stateid MUST refer to a stateid that is valid for a WRITE operation and follows the rules for stateids in Sections 8.2.5 of and 18.32.3 of . The sa_src_stateid MUST refer to a stateid that is valid for a READ operation and follows the rules for stateids in Sections 8.2.5 of and 18.22.3 of . If either stateid is invalid, then the operation MUST fail. The sa_src_offset is the starting offset within the source file from which the data to be swapped will be obtained, and the sa_dst_offset is the starting offset of the target region into which the swapped data will be placed. An offset of 0 (zero) indicates the start of the respective file. The number of bytes to be swapped is obtained from sa_count, except that a sa_count of 0 (zero) indicates that the number of bytes to be swapped is the count of bytes between sa_src_offset and the EOF of the source file. Both sa_src_offset and sa_dst_offset must be aligned to the clone block size (Section 12.2.1 of ). The number of bytes to be swapped must be a multiple of the clone block size, except in the case in which sa_src_offset plus the number of bytes to be swapped is equal to the source file size. If the source offset or the source offset plus count is greater than the size of the source file, the operation MUST fail with NFS4ERR_INVAL. The destination offset or destination offset plus count may be greater than the size of the destination file. If SAVED_FH and CURRENT_FH refer to the same file and the source and target ranges overlap, the operation MUST fail with NFS4ERR_INVAL. This restriction avoids undefined behavior that could arise from overlapping atomic replacement of data within a single file. If the target area of the SWAP operation ends beyond the end of the destination file, the offset at the end of the target area will determine the new size of the destination file. The contents of any block not part of the target area will be the same as if the file size were extended by a WRITE. If the area to be swapped is not a multiple of the clone block size and the size of the destination file is past the end of the target area, the area between the end of the target area and the next multiple of the clone block size will be zeroed to ensure deterministic file contents. The SWAP operation is atomic in that other operations may not see any intermediate states between the state of the two files before the operation and after the operation. READs of the destination file will never see some blocks of the target area cloned without all of them being swapped. WRITEs of the source area will either have no effect on the data of the target file or be fully reflected in the target area of the destination file. Atomicity is defined with respect to NFSv4.2 READ and WRITE operations issued by other clients; the protocol makes no guarantees regarding the visibility of intermediate states to server-internal mechanisms. The completion status of the operation is indicated by sr_status.

Operations and Their Valid Errors The operations and their valid errors are presented in . All error codes not defined in this document are defined in Section 15 of and Section 11 of . Operations and Their Valid Errors

Operation

Errors

SWAP

NFS4ERR_ACCESS, NFS4ERR_ADMIN_REVOKED, NFS4ERR_BADXDR, NFS4ERR_BAD_STATEID, NFS4ERR_DEADSESSION, NFS4ERR_DELAY, NFS4ERR_DELEG_REVOKED, NFS4ERR_DQUOT, NFS4ERR_EXPIRED, NFS4ERR_FBIG, NFS4ERR_FHEXPIRED, NFS4ERR_GRACE, NFS4ERR_INVAL, NFS4ERR_IO, NFS4ERR_ISDIR, NFS4ERR_LOCKED, NFS4ERR_MOVED, NFS4ERR_NOFILEHANDLE, NFS4ERR_NOSPC, NFS4ERR_NOTSUPP, NFS4ERR_OLD_STATEID, NFS4ERR_OPENMODE, NFS4ERR_OP_NOT_IN_SESSION, NFS4ERR_PNFS_IO_HOLE, NFS4ERR_PNFS_NO_LAYOUT, NFS4ERR_REP_TOO_BIG, NFS4ERR_REP_TOO_BIG_TO_CACHE, NFS4ERR_REQ_TOO_BIG, NFS4ERR_RETRY_UNCACHED_REP, NFS4ERR_ROFS, NFS4ERR_SERVERFAULT, NFS4ERR_STALE, NFS4ERR_SYMLINK, NFS4ERR_TOO_MANY_OPS, NFS4ERR_WRONG_TYPE

If the destination file has active pNFS layouts that prevent atomic modification of the target range, the server may return an appropriate pNFS-related error.

Extraction of XDR This document contains the external data representation (XDR) description of the SWAP operation. The XDR description is presented in a manner that facilitates easy extraction into a ready-to-compile format. To extract the machine-readable XDR description, use the following shell script: For example, if the script is named 'extract.sh' and this document is named 'spec.txt', execute the following command: swap_prot.x ]]> This script removes leading blank spaces and the sentinel sequence '///' from each line. XDR descriptions with the sentinel sequence are embedded throughout the document. Note that the XDR code contained in this document depends on types from the NFSv4.2 nfs4_prot.x file (generated from ). This includes both nfs types that end with a 4, such as offset4, length4, etc., as well as more generic types such as uint32_t and uint64_t. While the XDR can be appended to that from , the code snippets should be placed in their appropriate sections within the existing XDR.

Security Considerations This document imposes no new security considerations to NFSv4.2.

IANA Considerations This document has no IANA actions.

References Normative References In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. This document describes the External Data Representation Standard (XDR) protocol as it is currently deployed and accepted. This document obsoletes RFC 1832. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This Glossary provides definitions, abbreviations, and explanations of terminology for information system security. The 334 pages of entries offer recommendations to improve the comprehensibility of written material that is generated in the Internet Standards Process (RFC 2026). The recommendations follow the principles that such writing should (a) use the same term or definition whenever the same concept is mentioned; (b) use terms in their plainest, dictionary sense; (c) use terms that are already well-established in open publications; and (d) avoid terms that either favor a particular vendor or favor a particular technology or mechanism over other, competing techniques that already exist or could be developed. This memo provides information for the Internet community. This document describes NFS version 4 minor version 2; it describes the protocol extensions made from NFS version 4 minor version 1. Major extensions introduced in NFS version 4 minor version 2 include the following: Server-Side Copy, Application Input/Output (I/O) Advise, Space Reservations, Sparse Files, Application Data Blocks, and Labeled NFS. This document provides the External Data Representation (XDR) description for NFS version 4 minor version 2. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. This document describes the rules relating to the extension of the NFSv4 family of protocols. It covers the creation of minor versions, the addition of optional features to existing minor versions, and the correction of flaws in features already published as Proposed Standards. The rules relating to the construction of minor versions and the interaction of minor version implementations that appear in this document supersede the minor versioning rules in RFC 5661 and other RFCs defining minor versions. This document describes the Network File System (NFS) version 4 minor version 1, including features retained from the base protocol (NFS version 4 minor version 0, which is specified in RFC 7530) and protocol extensions made subsequently. The later minor version has no dependencies on NFS version 4 minor version 0, and is considered a separate protocol. This document obsoletes RFC 5661. It substantially revises the treatment of features relating to multi-server namespace, superseding the description of those features appearing in RFC 5661. Informative References Linux man-pages project

Acknowledgments Christoph Helwig inadvertently pointed out the XFS swap implementation () which prompted this document. David Noveck, Pali Rohar, and Rick Macklem helped review the document. Chris Inacio, Brian Pawlowski, and Gorry Fairhurst helped guide this process.